Dementia is one of the biggest challenges we face today. Research is finding new ways to prevent, diagnose and treat the diseases that cause it.

Around 900,000 people have dementia in the UK. This number is increasing, and it is estimated that it will reach one million by 2025.

To mark World Alzheimer’s Month, we explore how cutting-edge research is making a difference.

In Southampton, research includes the ground-breaking CONGA (Cortical Disarray Measurement in MCI and AD) study. We spoke to Wessex Research Lead Dr Angus Prosser to find out more.

What is Alzheimer’s disease?

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia - a group of brain disorders that affect thinking skills and daily living.

Dementia is a progressive condition, which means symptoms develop gradually over many years. It affects many brain functions including memory, concentration, problem solving, language and behaviour.

Alzheimer’s disease is thought to be caused by abnormal protein changes in the brain. This affects brain communication and triggers cell death. However, the brain is complex and the exact process behind these changes is not yet known.

Are there ways people can reduce their risk of developing Alzheimer's?

Although age is the biggest risk factor for Alzheimer’s, research suggests there are some things people can do to reduce their risk. These include keeping active, eating healthily, exercising the mind and staying social. Generally, things that are good for your heart are also good for your head!

Stopping smoking and drinking less alcohol is also important, as both can increase your risk of Alzheimer's disease.

Why is dementia research important?

There are over 55 million people with dementia worldwide. Nearly 10 million new cases are diagnosed every year. Despite this, there is currently no cure for Alzheimer’s disease - and diagnosis can be challenging.

There is a huge amount of work ongoing to improve our understanding of what causes the disease. Research in early detection and diagnosis can facilitate better care and support. It can also help identify those most suitable for new therapies. Studies that look at societal impacts and care support can have direct impact on the lives of those currently living with dementia at all stages of the disease.

Recent drug trials have shown promise in slowing the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. The finding follows decades of trials, highlighting the importance of continued research in this area.

What is the CONGA study investigating?

CONGA is testing a new imaging technique called Cortical Disarray Measurement (CDM). It uses normal MRI scans to identify small changes taking place in the brain’s “grey matter" linked to Alzheimer's disease.

MRI scanner — Image credit: Bournemouth University

These changes happen early in the disease before symptoms start to show. They are normally only seen in the brain through a microscope after a patient has passed away.

We are investigating if CDM can improve the accuracy and timeliness of dementia diagnosis. This could help us identify people who are most likely to develop the disease.

How could this benefit people affected by Alzheimer’s disease?

We hope to find that this technology is effective in identifying those who are likely to progress to dementia.

Early detection of dementia and timely diagnosis for patients improves patient and carer outcomes, including quality of life. This is critical for appropriate care planning and signposting to sources of support.

Accurate diagnosis and prediction of decline also allows us to identify people who might be eligible for treatments.

How can people take part?

The study is recruiting participants living with mild cognitive impairment or mild Alzheimer's disease, together with their companions.

Our research team are happy to provide more information on the study and answer any questions. We can also tell you about other areas of dementia and Alzheimer’s research, including drug trials.

Please email neuro-dresearchteam@uhs.nhs.uk or call 023 8120 6132 to find out more.